Nhà Tahiri ở Khorasan, 821–872

• Taher I, Emir 821–822
• Talheh, 822–828
• Abdollah, 828–844
• Taher II, 844–862
• Mohammad, 862–872

Nhà Alav, 864–928

• Hasan ebne Zeid Hasani, Emir 864–884
• Mohammad ebne Zeid, 884–900
• Hasan ebne Ali Hoseini, 913–916
• Hasan ebne Ghasem Hasani, 916–928

Nhà Ziyar, 928–1043

• Mardavij, Emir 928–934
• Voshmgir, 934–967
• Bisotoon, 967–976
• Qabus, 976–1012
• Manuchehr, 1012–1031
• Anushiravan, 1031–1043
• Keykavoos
• Gilanshah

Nhà Ghur, 879–1215

Thị tộc Buy, 932–1056 آل بویه

Nhà Saffar ở Seistan và vùng lân cận, 861–1002

Nhà Saman (Tiền Tajik), 892–998

Nhà Ghaznavi, 997–1186

Nhà Seljuk, 1029–1194 سلجوقیان

divided, 1194–1256

Nhà Khwarazm, 1096–1230 خوارزمشاهیان

An empire built from Azerbaidjan, covering part of Iran and neighbouring Central Asia.

Permanently destroyed by Mongol empire.

Đế quốc Mông Cổ và các Y Nhi hãn, 1256–1380 ایلخانان

The Second era of fragmentation begins in 1343, as remnants of the Hordes competed with local dynasts for authority. This era ends with the conquests by Timur, around 1380

Nhà Muzaffar, 1314–1393 مظفریان

• Mubariz ad-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muzaffar, Emir 1314–1358
• Abu'l Fawaris Djamal ad-Din Shah Shuja (at Yazd, 1353 at Shiraz), 1335–1364 with...
• Qutb Al-Din Shah Mahmud (at Isfahan) (d. 1375), 1358–1366
• Abu'l Fawaris Djamal ad-Din Shah Shuja (at Yazd, 1353 at Shiraz), 1366–1384
• Mujahid ad-Din Zain Al-Abidin 'Ali, 1384–1387

In 1387 Timur captured Isfahan.

• Imad ad-Din Sultan Ahmad (at Kerman), 1387–1391 with...
• Mubariz ad-Din Shah Yahya (at Shiraz), 1387–1391 and...
• Sultan Abu Ishaq (in Sirajan), 1387–1391
• Shah Mansur (at Isfahan), 1391–1393

Nhà Timur, 1380–1507

• Timur ("Tamerlane"), 1369–1405, nominally under the authority of the Chagatai Khanate

The third era of fragmentation follows, as Timur's Empire loses cohesion and local rulers strive against each other.

• Pir Muhammad, grandson of Timur, 1392-1407, effectively ruled from Qandahar
• Djalal Ud-Din Miran Shah, son of Timur, 1405–1408, ruled Azerbaijan
• Rustam, 1405–1409, ruled Arabistan
• Khalil Sultan (Timurid dynasty), son of Miran Shah, 1405–1409, ruled in Samarkand, surrendered to Shah Rukh, became governor of Rayy until his death in 1411
• Shah Rukh, son of Timur, 1405–1447, ruled first in Transoxiana
  • Ayyal, 1414, opposed Shah Rukh
  • Ailankar, 1414–1415, opposed Shah Rukh
• Bayqara, 1409–1412, ruled in Fars
• Iskandar, 1412–1414, ruled first in Fars, then Azerbaijan & Arabistan

In 1410 the Turcoman horde Kara Koyunlu (Black Sheep) captured Baghdad and their leaders ruled the western parts of the Timurid realm. In the East however, Shah Rukh was able to secure his rule in Transoxiana and Fars.

• Ulugh Beg, son of Shah Rukh, 1447–1449

Rulers in Transoxiana:

• 'Abd al-Latif, son of Ulugh Beg, 1449–1450
• ‘Abdullah Mirza, grandson of Shah Rukh, 1450–1451
• Abu Sa'id ibn Muhammad, grandson of Miran Shah, 1451–1469, conquered Khurasan in 1459

Rulers in Khurasan:

• Babur Ibn-Baysunkur, grandson of Shah Rukh, 1449–1457
• Shah Mahmud, son of Babur, 1457
• Ibrahim, 1457
• Jahan Shah, leader of the Black Sheep Turcomans, 1457–1458

Abu Sa'id, agreed to divide Iran with the Black Sheep Turcomans under Jahan Shah, but the White Sheep Turcomans under Uzun Hassan defeated and killed first Jahan Shah and then Abu Sa'id.

After Abu Sa'id's death a fourth era of fragmentation follows. While the White Sheep Turcomans dominated in the western parts until the ascent of the Safavid dynasty, the Timurides could maintain their rule in Samarkand và Herat.

Rulers in Samarkand:

• Sultan Ahmad, son Abu Sa'id, 1469–1494
• Sultan Mahmud, son of Abu Sa'id, 1494–1495
• Masud, 1495
• Sultan Baysunghur, 1495–1497
• Sultan Ali Mirza 1495–1500

conquered by the Uzbeks

Rulers in Herat:

• Sultan Mahmud, son of Abu Sa'id, 1469
• Husayn Bayqarah, 1469–1506
• Badi' al-Zaman, son of Husayn, 1506–1507, fled to the court of Ismail I

conquered by the Uzbeks, later recaptured by the Safavids